ORION CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE

While Orion looks much like the old Apollo spacecraft, it is significantly larger with a diameter of 16.5 feet (5 meters) and can carry a crew of up to six. The software and avionics are based upon the latest in aviation technology. The Apollo-like  configuration was chosen because of the proven ability of the heat shield, especially for re-entry after lunar missions. Initial requirements called for Orion to be able to land on both ground and water (water being necessary in the event of a launch abort). The latest requirements have dropped the ability to land on ground.

A crew of four is proposed for lunar missions, with a crew of six for missions to the International Space Station or later missions to Mars. For lunar missions, Orion will be capable of bringing back 220 pounds (100 kg) of payload.

A launch abort system will sit atop the Orion to pull the spacecraft and crew to safety during an emergency on the launch pad or during ascent. Power and propulsion systems will be in the service module located directly below the crew module.

For ISS or other low-earth orbit missions, Orion will be launched by the Ares I. For lunar missions, both Ares I and the Ares V will be used. Orion will be capable of remaining docked with the ISS for up to six months. Orion will also be capable of carrying pressurized cargo on unmanned missions.

As mentioned, for lunar missions, both the Ares I and the Ares V will be used. The Ares V will launch first, carrying the Earth Departure Stage and Lunar Module into orbit. Next, the Ares I will launch the Orion, which will then mate with the Lunar Module and Earth Departure Stage.

The first manned Orion mission is projected for September 2013. The first manned lunar mission is forecast for 2020.

View an Lunar Surface Animation video (NASA) - 56k Dial-up - 256k DSL or Cable.

The Orion crew exploration vehicle and its service module orbit the moon with disc-shaped solar arrays tracking the sun to generate electricity. (NASA)