European Space Agency

The European Space Agency (ESA) was established in 1975 and is a cooperative effort of 15 European countries. It is independent of the European Union (EU) but works closely with the EU.

The ESA members are France (CNES), Germany (DLR), Italy (ASI, SAI), Spain (INTA), Great Britain (BNSC), Belgium, Denmark (DSRI), Netherlands (NLR, NIVR, SRON), Sweden (SNSB), Switzerland (SSO), Ireland, Austria (ASA), Norway (NSC), Finland (TEKES), and Portugal.

Not all of these countries are members of the EU. Switzerland and Norway are not in the EU. Conversely, Luxembourg and Greece are in the EU, but not members of the ESA.

Not all members of the ESA are partners in the ISS. Ireland, Austria, Finland, and Portugal are not ISS partners.

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Last updated: 29-Dec-2007

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